Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.     

立德树人背景下高职英语教学中“以文化人”实践探究

文章基于立德树人的时代背景,分析高职英语教学中提升学生人文素养的必要性和紧迫性,通过建立高素养教师队伍、挖掘教材中的人文内涵、拓展第二课堂,采取"以文化人"贯穿教学全过程的方式,探索提升学生人文素养的有效途径。     

《已故上校的女儿们》中的象征意象分析

《已故上校的女儿们》是著名短篇小说家凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德的经典之作。这篇小说独特的叙事结构、淡化的故事情节和巧妙转换的叙述角度为人们所津津乐道,与此同时,曼斯菲尔德对象征意象的娴熟运用也让这篇小说意味深长、回味无穷。作品中象征性意象分为三类,分别象征着父权主义、维多利亚时代妇女的希望和她们的实际地位。通过对这些意象的分析,读者可以更深刻地理解该小说及曼斯菲尔德的写作风格。     

高职毕业生就业率缺口探析

高等职业教育是我国高等教育体系的重要组成部分.以就业为导向是高职院校办人民满意教育的关键环节.就业率的统计依然是各省、各高职院校完成就业指标,体现教育成果,构筑和谐社会的有效体现.但对就业率缺口的关注还存在一定的误区和盲区,本文试图通过就业率缺口的探析,找出有效解决未就业毕业生的就业途径,提高就业工作的实效性和针对性,切实提高就业率.     

大学生就业指导理念和实践模式分析

在高校扩招的大背景下,大学毕业生就业形势愈发严峻,高校毕业生就业难问题已经成为当今社会难题之一。而解决这一问题的最终手段之一,就是各大高校有效的进行大学生就业指导工作。但是,高校现有的就业指导无论在理念还是在模式上都无法满足学生们的需求,需要进行行之有效的转变。     

李白诗歌时空描写之管见

李白诗歌飘逸、瑰丽、豪放，善于从景物形状、大小、远近、深度、方位、和明度、色彩的角度．捕捉典型环境中的典型事物，生动地描绘出形象鲜明的艺术境界，从时间知觉的角度，用诗的语言赋予它不同的感情色彩，歌咏祖国山河的壮美景色和秀丽风光。     

从单中心大型超声心动图数据分析近十年中国心脏疾病患病率的变化趋势

There is a paucity of data regarding trends in the incidence of heart disease in China during recent years. Using a large echocardiography database in our center, we analyzed trends in the prevalence of several common heart diseases from Dec. 2003. This study retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic database in our Department from 2003 to 2012. A total of 385 682 cases were included in the study. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease decreased over the 10-year period, from 4.04% in 2003 to 3.06% in 2012 (P<0.01). Infective endocarditis also decreased, from a mean prevalence of 0.37% in July 2003 to 0.27% in Dec. 2008 (P<0.001). The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which includes 20% apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 20% hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, was about 1.8%. The prevalence of the three most common adult congenital heart diseases (CHDs) decreased by about 10% from July 2003 to Dec. 2008 (all P<0.001). The prevalence of moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) decreased during the 10-year period (P<0.001), but there was no change in the prevalence of severe PAH or LVSD (P>0.05). The present study indirectly demonstrates that the prevalence of several common heart diseases in China has declined in recent years.     

四氢异喹啉酰胺类化合物的设计与合成

目的:设计、合成四氢异喹啉酰胺类化合物,为开发更为安全、有效的抗血小板聚集候选药物提供参考.方法:依据药物化学中的拼合原理,设计含有四氢异喹啉母核和阿魏酸结构的四氢异喹啉酰胺类化合物.以取代苯甲酸、胡椒乙胺、乙酰阿魏酸为起始原料,通过酰胺化反应、Bischler-Napieralski反应、水解反应、亲核取代反应等步骤对其进行合成.结果:设计了2个四氢异喹啉酰胺类化合物.按照合成步骤对其进行了合成,2个化合物的结构均经1 H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS谱图佐证.结论:设计、合成了2个四氢异喹啉酰胺类化合物,为抗血小板聚集药物开发研究提供参考.     

学业成就动机、阅读教学及其对学生阅读成绩的影响:基于PISA 2018的中芬比较研究

基于PISA 2018数据,对中国四省市和芬兰学生的学业成就动机、阅读教学感知进行比较分析.结果发现:就学业成就动机而言,虽然中国学生的动机指数显著高于芬兰学生,但芬兰学生的动机结构更优;就阅读教学而言,中国学生感知到的课堂环境更为积极;在动机方面,中国学生的阅读成绩主要靠学业竞争型动机驱动,芬兰学生则主要受任务掌握型动机影响;在教学方面,不同教学指标对两地学生阅读成绩的影响趋势相同,认知激活策略运用对中国学生的阅读成绩影响最大,教师适应性教学则对芬兰学生的阅读成绩影响最明显.为提高我国学生的阅读素养,教育行政部门、学校和教师可以尝试从以下方面着手:充分了解学生的学习心理,优化其学业成就动机结构;进一步深化语文课程改革,探索有效的阅读教学方式;继续促进教育公平,关注处境不利学生与男生的阅读水平.     

建立多元化高职课程评价体系的思考与实践--以“工程测量”为例

高职教育响应"一带一路"的倡议,调整人才培养方案,以核心课程改革建设为基础,建立高职院校"工程测量"核心专业课的多元化评价体系,探索了如何科学、合理、客观地评价课程的建设质量及效果,最终达成提高教师教学能力水平、促进学校提升教学质量和完善课程内涵建设的目的。同时,在坚持培养高素质综合技能人才的同时瞄准国际化方向,不断探索国际交流和合作的途径,最终形成可持续发展的高职教育新格局。